原标题：网络复试=钻空子？复试新规来了！（恋词云讲堂022期）
各大高校现在现已紧锣密鼓地预备展开复试了，鉴于本年的特别情况，许多院校采取了网络复试方式。为了根绝做弊，东北农业大学、辽宁石油化工大学等高校更是启用了 “双机位”方式！
东北农业大学
辽宁石油化工大学
江西农业大学
华北理工大学
中国人民大学
河北科技大学
所谓“双机位”便是两台设备做拍照，“ 榜首机位” 收集考生音、视频源（考生正前方）；“ 第二机位” 收集考生“ 榜首机位” 显示器的音、视频源（考生侧后方）。
校园选用这种手法其实也是在尽或许地确保复试公正性，许多同学要问了，要是在偏远区域网络欠好怎么办？没有两台设备怎么办？咱们定心，教育部规矩招生单位有必要做好“兜底支撑” ，强化人性化和个性化组织。假如有困难，在复试前必定要提早向高校反应！尽管有新方式，但同学们也不用严重，安心备考，加油预备复试，伟哥等你们上岸！
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① have sb. by the throat
② freight
③ adj. 化学的；n. 化学品
④ n. 邮寄人
⑤ substantial
⑥ bulk
⑦ v. 使情感增强
⑧ monopoly
⑨ adj. 英勇的
⑩ adj. 贵重的；价值大的
“恋词云讲堂”013-018期：
“恋词云讲堂”019期：
“恋词云讲堂”020期：
“恋词云讲堂”021期：
① consolidation /kən,sɒlɪ'deɪʃən/
▼
n. 稳固，加强；联合，一致
eg. Glucose and insulin are also key to consolidation, the conversion of short-term to long-term memories.
葡萄糖和胰岛素也是稳固回忆的要害，能够将短期回忆转化为长时间回忆。
【调配】
industry consolidation 工业联合
revision and consolidation 温习与稳固
② typically /ˈtɪpɪklɪ/
▼
adv. 一般，一般地；典型地，有代表性地；一向地
eg. Philip paced the floor, a typically nervous expectant father.
菲利普在地板上踱来踱去，一副典型的神经严重的准爸爸形象。
【调配】
typically Dutch 典型荷兰风情
typically masculine 典型男性气魄
③ captive /'kæptɪv/
▼
adj. 被拘禁的，被关押的；观众被强制的，受操控的
eg. Rebels in Liberia have released four foreigners after holding them captive for a week.
利比里亚的叛乱分子释放了4名被扣押了一个星期的外国人。
【调配】
captive bird 笼中之鸟
captive audience 受制而走不开的听众或观众
④ shoulder /'ʃəʊldə/
▼
n. 膀子
v. 承当，背负；挑担，扛
eg. Some of the blame for the disastrous night must be shouldered by the promoters.
筹办方有必要为那个灾难性的夜晚承当一部分职责。
【调配】
shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地；齐心协力地
shoulder patch 臂章
⑤ subscribe /səb'skraɪb/
▼
⑥ flourish /'flʌrɪʃ/
▼
v. 昌盛，昌盛；(植物或动物)长势好
n. (为引人留意的)夸大动作；装修图画
eg. The plant flourishes particularly well in slightly harsher climes.
这种植物在气候条件稍差一点的区域长势特别好。
【调配】
in full flourish 在全盛时，盛极一时
rhetorical flourishes 辞藻富丽
⑦ arbiter /'ɑːbɪtə/
▼
n. 仲裁人，公评人；时髦或风格的威望，决议者
eg. He was the ultimate arbiter on both theological and political matters.
他在神学和政治业务上都是终究的仲裁人。
【调配】
chief arbiter 主裁判，裁判长
⑧ marketplace /'mɑːkɪtpleɪs/
▼
n. 生意，商场生意；集市，商场
eg. The marketplace was jammed with a noisy crowd of buyers and sellers.
集市上人山人海挤满了生意东西的人。
【调配】
global marketplace 国际化商场
marketplace rule 商场规矩
⑨ appeal to
▼
向......上诉
eg. In the end, the ten took their appeal to the Supreme Court; this, they had believed from the outset, would be their trump card.
最终，10个人上诉到最高法院：他们从一开端就以为这一招是他们的主力。
⑩ on the grounds that…
▼
因为（依据）
eg. He refused to go to the party on the grounds that he was busy.
他以忙为托言回绝参与晚会。
⑪ in the position of...
▼
处在......方位上
eg. Dealers do this when they sense you're undecided, but they want to be in the position of control.
经销商们感到你优柔寡断时就会这样做，不过他们是想占有分配位置。
1. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost.
铁路方在要价方面，为自己轻视“ 受控”客户提出的辩解理由是，从长远来看，这样做能够更好的下降一切人的本钱。
本句是个复合句，许多同学不了解on the ground的效果，实践上on the ground是个边沿隶属连词，即在英语中原本不是连词，或许仅是随意结构，但实践上起着隶属连词的效果，一般引导原因状语从句。该从句中that引导的同位语从句，之后的内容是对grounds的解说阐明。
2. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.
他们谈到，假如铁路公司对一切客户讨取相同的均匀费用，那么能够转而挑选公路或其他方式运送的邮寄者就会这么做，这样会让剩余的客户承当铁路正常运营的一切开支。
语句的骨干是shippers would do so。最初是由if引导的条件状语从句。they argue作插入语。who引导的定语从句，润饰shippers ，谓语would do so中的代词so指代if条件状语从句中的谓语动词（switching to trucks or other forms of transportation）。现在分词leaving结构作随同状语，表明成果。
Para 1
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.
Para 3
The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such "captive" shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
Para 4
Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.
（2003年 TEXT3）
33. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that .
[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.
[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.
[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.
[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business.
这道题问的是：能够从第三段推断出什么？这是一道推理题，可是在考研阅览中，推理题一般不推理；假如要推理，也是十分直接的一步推理。
举个比如：小明和小芳是同学，他们每天回家都一同走，咱们咱们能够从这个现实中推断出什么？
A.小明和小芳在搞对象
B.小明和小芳的家住在同一个方向
实在的日子中有或许选A，但考研阅览中就必定选B，所以选A的同学便是那部分“想多了”的同学。
从这个维度来了解，咱们就要详细看第三段了，最终一句话：Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. 留意but转机的部分：but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.但整一个完好的进程贵重、费时，并且只要在极点特别的情况下才有用，和C选项中的unlikely to appeal for rate relief.是相对的。
选项A：shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad
假如铁路公司没有其他竞争对手，邮寄者需求付出的费用会下降。
第3段第二句说到铁路公司兼并后的收费(charge)“多于(more than)有竞争对手时”，换句话说也便是，“邮寄者需求付出的价格”会在有竞争对手时下降，与该项表达的意思正好相反，因而能够扫除。
选项B：there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide
很快全国就会只要一家铁路公司。
这是依据第3段榜首句中的most shippers are served by only one rail company设置的搅扰项，该句中的most不能代表悉数。再有第1段中明确指出最少还有四家铁路公司，并且后文的railroads都用了复数方式，因而“最终只要一家铁路公司”的说法是过错的。
选项C：overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief
被多收取费用的邮寄者不大或许为减免运费而申述。
第3段前两句首要说到“铁路公司大规模兼并后邮寄者可挑选的服务供货商削减”，因而只能“被逼(captive)”承受20%至30%的运费涨价。最终一句对申述进程的描绘中，咱们咱们能够推断出“申述进程贵重耗时(expensive, time consuming)，并且只在极点的情况下有用(work only in truly extreme cases)”，因而能够推导得出C项。
选项D：a government board ensures fair play in railway business
一个政府机构可确保铁路职业公正竟争。
这儿所说的government board应该指的是第3段最终一句说到的“陆路运送局”，尽管这确实是政府指定的受理邮寄者申述的部分，但从对选项C的原文剖析中可看出这个申述流程实践很难起到下降价格的效果，更与该项的“公正竞争(fair play)”没有多大联系。
继 四六级白话考试、计算机二级等考试撤销之后，5月份的雅思托福等海外考试又一次宣告撤销。在一系列考试被撤销后，咱们也不能扫除四六级撤销的或许性。
可是撤销书面考试是一件适当杂乱，触及人员较广的工作。四六级考试还牵涉结业和保研，有的校园四级不过不能结业，乃至影响考研，详细组织还要耐性等候官方告诉。
现在还没过四六级的同学也不要着急，踏下心来仔细备考，做到不管考试何时进行你都能够顺畅过级！仔细备考才是你现在该做的工作
